{"id":5091,"date":"2025-03-13T13:05:29","date_gmt":"2025-03-13T13:05:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/detralytics.com\/?p=5091"},"modified":"2026-08-21T13:31:10","modified_gmt":"2026-08-21T13:31:10","slug":"boosting-on-the-responses-with-tweedie-and-binomial-loss-functions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/detralytics.com\/fr\/publication\/boosting-on-the-responses-with-tweedie-and-binomial-loss-functions\/","title":{"rendered":"Boosting on the responses with tweedie and binomial loss functions"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"5091\" class=\"elementor elementor-5091\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3244f34 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3244f34\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;shape_divider_bottom&quot;:&quot;tilt&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div 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data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">DetraNote 2025-1<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87f3931 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"87f3931\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9aa7e1d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9aa7e1d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67f934f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"67f934f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/detralytics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/DetraNote-2025-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"764\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/detralytics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/DETRAnote_EN-764x1080.jpg\" class=\"elementor-animation-grow attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-image-5094\" alt=\"Boosting on the responses with tweedie and binomial loss functions\" srcset=\"https:\/\/detralytics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/DETRAnote_EN-764x1080.jpg 764w, https:\/\/detralytics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/DETRAnote_EN-768x1086.jpg 768w, https:\/\/detralytics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/DETRAnote_EN-1086x1536.jpg 1086w, https:\/\/detralytics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/DETRAnote_EN.jpg 1240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 764px) 100vw, 764px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-420ffe4 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"420ffe4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/detralytics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/DetraNote-2025-1.pdf\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-far-arrow-alt-circle-down\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm0 448c-110.5 0-200-89.5-200-200S145.5 56 256 56s200 89.5 200 200-89.5 200-200 200zm-32-316v116h-67c-10.7 0-16 12.9-8.5 20.5l99 99c4.7 4.7 12.3 4.7 17 0l99-99c7.6-7.6 2.2-20.5-8.5-20.5h-67V140c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Read here<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e62cc6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2e62cc6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc5d00b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fc5d00b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introduction<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1e1dc7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f1e1dc7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Boosting emerged from the field of machine learning and became rapidly popular among insurance analysts. The Tweedie and Binomial distributions are the most commonly used in insurance for regression analysis. Hainaut et al. (2022) showed that boosting can be conducted directly on the response under Tweedie loss function and log-link, by adapting the weights at each iteration step. In this note, we recall the results of Hainaut et al. (2022) and we supplement them with an easy probabilistic interpretation to the boosting procedure. Next, we draw a parallel between these results and those established by Hastie et al. (2009) for the Bernoulli loss function and logit-link: Hastie et al. (2009) highlighted that, as an approximation, boosting can also be performed directly with responses under Bernoulli loss function and logit-link. Interestingly, we show that this observation can actually been extended to the Binomial case.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #097566;\">Mots-cl\u00e9s : <\/span><\/strong>Clustering analysis, unsupervised learning, k-means, spectral clustering.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f29719 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0f29719\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2952de9 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2952de9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>Secteur : <\/b>Assurance<\/p>\n<p><b><\/b><b>Expertise: <\/b>Machine learning<\/p>\n<p><b>Auteurs :<\/b>\u00a0Julien Trufin<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00c9diteur :<\/b> Detralytics<\/p>\n<p><b>Date:<\/b> March 2025<\/p>\n<p><b>Langue :<\/b> Anglais<\/p>\n<p><b>Pages:<\/b> 12<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.3px;\">Reference:<\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.3px;\">\u00a0Detra Note 2025-1<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6ae38d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c6ae38d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a1c05c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"a1c05c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f183faa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f183faa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c0 propos des auteurs<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-911526c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"911526c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ceadb54 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ceadb54\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-821e45b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"821e45b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/detralytics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Julien.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-5905\" alt=\"Julien\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2dd444c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2dd444c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-99d0106 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"99d0106\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Julien Trufin<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fddcba9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fddcba9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"color: #383838;\"><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); letter-spacing: 0.3px; background-color: var( --e-global-color-b500f0a );\">Julien est Scientific Advisor chez Detralytics et Professeur en sciences actuarielles au sein du d\u00e9partement de math\u00e9matiques de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles. Il poss\u00e8de une exp\u00e9rience en tant que consultant et un solide parcours acad\u00e9mique d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 au sein d\u2019institutions de renom, dont l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Laval (Canada), l\u2019UCL et l\u2019ULB (Belgique). Chez Detralytics, Julien encadre les jeunes talents, dispense des formations de pointe, stimule l\u2019innovation et supervise les projets de R&amp;D.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8426de2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8426de2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-217946c elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"217946c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/detralytics.com\/fr\/publications\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-left\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M257.5 445.1l-22.2 22.2c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L7 273c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L201.4 44.7c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.2 22.2c9.5 9.5 9.3 25-.4 34.3L136.6 216H424c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v32c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24H136.6l120.5 114.8c9.8 9.3 10 24.8.4 34.3z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">All Publications<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L&#8217;\u00e9mergence du boosting dans le domaine du machine learning a rapidement gagn\u00e9 en popularit\u00e9 parmi les actuaires. Les distributions de Tweedie (dont la Poisson, la Gamma) et binomiale sont les plus couramment utilis\u00e9es en assurance par exemple pour les mod\u00e8les de tarification.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5094,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[133],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5091","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-publication"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Detra Note : Insurance Analytics with Clustering Techniques<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This working note starts with a review of the k-means algorithm and develops next two extensions to manage categorical features.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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