{"id":4432,"date":"2019-03-01T17:03:36","date_gmt":"2019-03-01T17:03:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/detralytics.com\/?p=4432"},"modified":"2026-08-21T13:31:46","modified_gmt":"2026-08-21T13:31:46","slug":"effective-tools-for-assessing-the-performance-of-pricing-models","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/detralytics.com\/fr\/publication\/effective-tools-for-assessing-the-performance-of-pricing-models\/","title":{"rendered":"Model selection based on Lorenz and concentration curves, Gini indices and convex order"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"4432\" class=\"elementor elementor-4432\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4dbcd85 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4dbcd85\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;shape_divider_bottom&quot;:&quot;tilt&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shape elementor-shape-bottom\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-negative=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 1000 100\" preserveaspectratio=\"none\">\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" d=\"M0,6V0h1000v100L0,6z\"\/>\n<\/svg>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-550f4d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"550f4d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Model selection based on Lorenz and concentration curves, Gini indices and convex order<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87ad6af elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"87ad6af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">DetraNote 2020-3<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87f3931 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"87f3931\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9aa7e1d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9aa7e1d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67f934f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"67f934f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/dial.uclouvain.be\/pr\/boreal\/object\/boreal:220948\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"765\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/detralytics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Cover-Detra-Note_Model-selection-based-on-Lorenz-and-concentration-curves-Gini-indices-and-convex-order-765x1080.png\" class=\"elementor-animation-grow attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-image-5342\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/detralytics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Cover-Detra-Note_Model-selection-based-on-Lorenz-and-concentration-curves-Gini-indices-and-convex-order-765x1080.png 765w, https:\/\/detralytics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Cover-Detra-Note_Model-selection-based-on-Lorenz-and-concentration-curves-Gini-indices-and-convex-order-768x1085.png 768w, https:\/\/detralytics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Cover-Detra-Note_Model-selection-based-on-Lorenz-and-concentration-curves-Gini-indices-and-convex-order.png 892w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 765px) 100vw, 765px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e63440 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"1e63440\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dial.uclouvain.be\/pr\/boreal\/object\/boreal:220948\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-far-arrow-alt-circle-down\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm0 448c-110.5 0-200-89.5-200-200S145.5 56 256 56s200 89.5 200 200-89.5 200-200 200zm-32-316v116h-67c-10.7 0-16 12.9-8.5 20.5l99 99c4.7 4.7 12.3 4.7 17 0l99-99c7.6-7.6 2.2-20.5-8.5-20.5h-67V140c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Read<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e62cc6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2e62cc6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc5d00b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fc5d00b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introduction<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1e1dc7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f1e1dc7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In order to determine an appropriate amount of premium, statistical goodness-of-fit criteria must be supplemented with actuarial ones when assessing performance of a given candidate pure premium. In this paper, concentration curves and Lorenz curves are shown to provide actuaries with effective tools to evaluate whether a premium is appropriate or to compare two competing alternatives. The idea is to compare the premium income for sub-portfolios gathering low risks (identified as low by means of the premiums under consideration) to the true one, or equivalently, to the actual losses. Numerical illustrations performed on hypothetical data and real ones demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed approach.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f29719 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0f29719\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2952de9 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2952de9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>Secteur : <\/b>Assurance<b><\/b><\/p><p><b>Auteurs :<\/b> Dominic Sznajder,<\/p><p>Michel Denuit, Julien Trufin<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><b>Publication : <\/b>Insurance Mathematics<\/p><p>and Economics<\/p><p><b>Date:<\/b> March 2019<\/p><p><b>Langue :<\/b> Anglais<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bdcebb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1bdcebb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6ae38d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c6ae38d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a1c05c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"a1c05c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f183faa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f183faa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c0 propos des auteurs<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53f26ef e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"53f26ef\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45ca7dd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"45ca7dd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d43f55d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d43f55d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"501\" src=\"https:\/\/detralytics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Michel_Rond.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2059\" alt=\"Michel Denuit\" srcset=\"https:\/\/detralytics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Michel_Rond.png 500w, https:\/\/detralytics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Michel_Rond-400x400.png 400w, https:\/\/detralytics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Michel_Rond-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/detralytics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Michel_Rond-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/detralytics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Michel_Rond-250x250.png 250w, https:\/\/detralytics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Michel_Rond-320x320.png 320w, https:\/\/detralytics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Michel_Rond-146x146.png 146w, https:\/\/detralytics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Michel_Rond-50x50.png 50w, https:\/\/detralytics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Michel_Rond-75x75.png 75w, https:\/\/detralytics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Michel_Rond-85x85.png 85w, https:\/\/detralytics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Michel_Rond-80x80.png 80w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0de6fc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f0de6fc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-224cb75 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"224cb75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Michel Denuit<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58dff6d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"58dff6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Michel est conseiller scientifique chez Detralytics, ainsi que professeur en sciences actuarielles \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain. Il dispose d\u2019une exp\u00e9rience internationale en tant que professeur invit\u00e9 et a men\u00e9 de nombreux projets en collaboration avec l\u2019industrie. Chez Detralytics, Michel accompagne les jeunes talents, dispense des formations de pointe, stimule l\u2019innovation et supervise les projets de R&amp;D.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b455dd6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b455dd6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-826b55c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"826b55c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4936f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a4936f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/detralytics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Julien.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-5905\" alt=\"Julien\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-888af75 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"888af75\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b42de73 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b42de73\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Julien Trufin<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c03f01f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c03f01f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Julien est Scientific Advisor chez Detralytics et Professeur en sciences actuarielles au sein du d\u00e9partement de math\u00e9matiques de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles. Il poss\u00e8de une exp\u00e9rience en tant que consultant et un solide parcours acad\u00e9mique d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 au sein d\u2019institutions de renom, dont l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Laval (Canada), l\u2019UCL et l\u2019ULB (Belgique). Chez Detralytics, Julien encadre les jeunes talents, dispense des formations de pointe, stimule l\u2019innovation et supervise les projets de R&amp;D.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11f89db e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"11f89db\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d12b1db e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d12b1db\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e361be4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e361be4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/detralytics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/user-no-face.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4904\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55d8e8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"55d8e8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f118ac8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f118ac8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dominik Sznajder<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52fe77e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"52fe77e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dominik Sznajder obtained a master degree in Economics and in Mathematics at Warsaw University in 2007. Thereafter he completed a PhD programme at KU Leuven in the section of Mathematical Statistics in 2011. Dominik was a visiting lecturer at UGent in 2013 and an FWO post-doctoral researcher before transferring to business. He worked as an actuarial consultant with Milliman supporting insurance companies in the Benelux region. Currently he is a freelance Data Scientist, Actuarial &amp; Financial Modeler, while also doing research at KU Leuven. Dominik has over 10 years of experience in using R, when he developed R based solutions both in Business and Academia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-164ad1a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"164ad1a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4364c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"d4364c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/detralytics.com\/fr\/publications\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span 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